The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), is a monumental infrastructure project on the Blue Nile. It has emerged as a focal point of geopolitical tension and regional security concerns in the Nile Basin. This paper examines the geopolitical and regional security dynamics that surround this massive project, particularly its implications for Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt. The central question of the study is to see how does the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam reshape power relations and regional security in Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt? It aims to understand how large hydro projects act as both development tools and sources of interstate tension in shared river systems. The research uses a qualitative design based on discourse analysis. The study finds that water securitization and regional alliances are reshaping sovereignty and cooperation in the Nile Basin. It concludes that while the GERD symbolizes Ethiopia’s pursuit of developmental autonomy, its sustainability hinges on trust, shared governance, and regional cooperation.
Rashmi Rani Anand (2026) studied this question.