The over-centralisation of the Nigerian electricity industry made it practically impossible for electricity supply to keep pace with the growth in population and economic activities. Today, Nigeria has the biggest gap in the world between electricity demand and supply, providing its population of 150 million with roughly 3,800 megawatts of electricity. The current system relies on a single, aging national grid that is highly vulnerable to cascading failures when one component trips. Often, the load-generation mismatch, which is the frequent disparities between power demand and available supply, often exceeds the grid's stability thresholds, leading to frequency deviations beyond the critical range of system capability. To address the incessant voltage collapse of the Nigerian power system, a multi-faceted approach involving decentralisation, infrastructure modernisation, and advanced control technologies is necessary. Moreover, the incessant voltage collapse in the Nigerian power system can be addressed primarily by the factors driven by technical deficiencies, such as inadequate reactive power compensation and infrastructure decay in the aging 330kV national grid. Hence, the deployment of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices and decentralised smart grid integration serves as a critical alternative solution to stabilise the Nigerian power network.
N. et al. (Fri,) studied this question.