This article examines the formation of green economy theory and the current challenges of green growth. The study adopts an analytical approach, comparing alternative concepts through the lens of traditional economic theory that may directly or indirectly influence the green economy. In particular, the role of human capital in sustainable development and issues related to managing externalities are analyzed using various differential equations, and examples of econometric regression methods are provided for their empirical evaluation. As a conclusion, it is emphasized that optimizing the social discount rate (SDR) and regulating externalities through Pigouvian taxes are key tools for ensuring the welfare of future generations, and the importance of conducting further research in this direction is highlighted.
Abdulaziz Erkaboyev (Wed,) studied this question.