Cancer is one of the foremost causes of mortality worldwide and is characterized by uninterrupted cell growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The present approach in molecular biology has emphasised the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating various cancer hallmarks. Among these, miR-29a has emerged as a pivotal regulator in the advancement of cancer, exhibiting as either an oncogene or a tumour suppressor depending on the cellular context. miRNA synthesis is biphasic – firstly, primary miRNA forms in the nucleus, then it is processed by Drosha (nucleus) and Dicer (cytoplasm) into mature miRNA. The miR-29 family (miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c) is linked to tumour aggressiveness and patient prognosis, making it a potential biomarker for predicting cancer development and recurrence. MiR-29a influences the tumour microenvironment and prevents invasion by selectively targeting collagen substrates. Research studies have demonstrated the impact of natural bioactive compounds in modulating the expression of miR-29a, which is known for its tumour-suppressive functions. Several natural products, including polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, have shown promising results in preclinical investigations by targeting key signalling pathways regulated by miR-29a. Further studies are imperative to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which miRNA-29a interacts with natural bioactive compounds in order to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. This review comprehensively explores how natural bioactive compounds regulate miR-29a expression and their potential implication in cancer prevention, emphasising the integration of traditional knowledge with modern therapeutic approaches. • miR-29a acts as oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer progression based on cellular context. • The miR-29 family is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis, serving as a potential biomarker for cancer development and recurrence. • miR-29a selectively targets collagen substrates and regulates extracellular matrix remodeling, thereby suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis. • Natural bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids have been shown to modulate miR-29a expression and regulate cancer-related signaling pathways. • Understanding miR-29a–natural compound interactions may guide the design of novel therapeutic strategies, integrating traditional medicinal knowledge with modern molecular oncology approaches.
Muhanad Alhujaily (Thu,) studied this question.