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The dynamics and spectroscopy of silicon nanocrystals that emit at visible wavelengths were analyzed. Size-selective precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography cleanly separate the silicon nanocrystals from larger crystallites and aggregates and provide direct evidence for quantum confinement in luminescence. Measured quantum yields are as high as 50 percent at low temperature, principally as a result of efficient oxide passivation. Despite a 0.9—electron-volt shift of the band gap to higher energy, the nanocrystals behave fundamentally as indirect gap materials with low oscillator strength.
Wilson et al. (1993) studied this question.