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We used multiple regression analyses to explore ways that hope, resilience, and happiness influenced school climate among 380 Hispanic/Latinx students. The results suggested that hypothesized protective factors explained school climate to a greater degree among middle school participants ( R 2 = .23) when compared to those in high school ( R 2 = .13). Although hope positively influenced school climate for both groups, happiness and resilience were uniquely influential. We discuss considerations for classroom lessons and school-wide initiatives.
Lenz et al. (Wed,) studied this question.