Successful Iliac Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Stenting Ameliorates Venous Claudication and Improves Venous Outflow, Calf Muscle Pump Function, and Clinical Status in Post-Thrombotic Syndrome

Successful I-F (+/-IVC) stenting in limbs with venous outflow obstruction and complicated CVD (C3-C6) ameliorates venous claudication, normalizes outflow, and enhances calf muscle pump function, compounded by a significant clinical improvement of CVD. The significant increase in the amount of venous reflux of the stented limbs indicates that elastic or inelastic compression support of the successfully stented limbs would be pivotal in preventing disease progression.