Doubts on the Theory of Gravitational Wave Propagation and an Inquiry into the Essence of Cosmic Fundamental Interactions

The existing theory of gravitational wave propagation suggests that gravitational waves generated by black hole merger events in the distant universe propagate at the speed of light and reach Earth after hundreds of millions of years to be detected. Based on quantitative calculations using the law of universal gravitation, this paper verifies that the intensity of gravitational fluctuations in this theory is far below the detection limit of existing human instruments, leading to irreconcilable physical contradictions. This paper also proposes a new viewpoint on cosmic fundamental interactions: the four fundamental forces (universal gravitation, electromagnetic force, strong force, and weak force) are all instantaneous action-at-a-distance forces without propagation speed or delay. The effect of a force is only related to the properties of the source and the distance. Through physical calculation and logical deduction, this paper overturns the core logic of the long-distance light-speed propagation of gravitational waves and provides a new idea for the study of cosmic interaction theory.