Antimicrobial resistance as an economic externality: optimal control, Pigouvian taxation, and governance implications

Key Points

• The central aim is to explore the economic implications of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the role of taxation in managing it.
• Incorporated revenue recycling into a Pigouvian taxation framework
• Developed a dynamic model for long-term economic planning
• Examined governance structures related to AMR taxation
• Supported the effectiveness of AMR taxation for self-governance
• Highlighted improvements in economic outcomes through coordinated intervention
• Demonstrated the viability of integrating taxation in biomedicine strategies against AMR