Abstract This paper examines the critical role of geohydrology in achieving sustainable agricultural development. It highlights the intricate relationship between groundwater, surface water, soil moisture, and crop productivity. Groundwater, often termed the lifeblood of agriculture, supports nearly half of global irrigation and ensures resilience during climatic variability. However, increasing demand and over-extraction have led to declining aquifer levels, threatening long-term sustainability. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding hydrological processes such as recharge, infiltration, and soil moisture dynamics for efficient water management. It also explores the impacts of salinity, water quality, and climate change on agricultural systems. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches, including managed aquifer recharge and water-smart irrigation practices, is identified as essential for sustainable resource use. The paper concludes that balanced groundwater management, supported by policy, community participation, and technological interventions, is vital to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.
Apparao Annarao Kalgapure (Sat,) studied this question.