he traditional reductionist approach attempts to combat aging through a "disassemble-understand-repair" strategy, yet the systemic complexity of cells has presented a fundamental bottleneck to this path. This paper proposes an alternative engineering paradigm: instead of attempting to fully understand and repair every detail of the cell, we manipulate the cells inherent evolutionary capacity to enable it to autonomously evolve anti-aging phenotypes under controlled selective pressure. This paradigm consists of three core components—in vitro directed iteration, AI precision screening, and in vivo safe integration—each supported by empirical studies published in top-tier journals. This paper systematically reviews the biological basis, technical toolbox, screening and delivery platforms, and the scope of this paradigm in anti-aging and broader medical fields, and demonstrates its self-reinforcing nature as a "platform technology." Existing evidence indicates that human healthy immortality—defined as the absence of a clear upper limit to lifespan with long-term maintenance of young adult physiological status—has shifted from a philosophical reverie to a testable and actionable engineering goal.
Li Huo (2026) studied this question.