ABSTRACT Wearable electrochemical sensors are rapidly advancing toward non‐invasive health monitoring, but most devices remain limited to single‐analyte detection or rely on rigid substrates with poor skin compatibility. Here, we report a fully integrated and flexible sweat patch featuring interdigitated graphene/gold microelectrodes and a microfluidic platform for multiplexed detection of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), glucose, and calcium ions in microliter sweat volumes. Graphene nanostructures enhance charge transfer and enlarge the electroactive surface area, while biofunctionalization with antibodies, enzymes, and ion‐selective membranes ensures analyte‐specific recognition. The microfluidics module prevents evaporation and drives sweat through capillary forces, enabling stable signal acquisition. The device demonstrates dynamic ranges of 0.1–300 pg mL − 1 for IL‐6, 10 µM–1 mM for glucose, and 0.25–3 mM for Ca 2 + , covering physiologically relevant levels in human sweat. Linear regression yielded high correlation coefficients ( R 2 > 0.97) with limits of detection of 10 pg mL − 1 (IL‐6), 6 µM (glucose), and 26 µM (Ca 2 + ). Compared with recently reported wearable sweat sensors, our device uniquely integrates multiplexed detection of inflammatory, metabolic, and electrolyte biomarkers on a flexible sensor platform. This work demonstrates the potential of graphene‐interfaced sweat patches for real‐time, personalized health monitoring and future wireless, on‐body clinical translation.
Memon et al. (Sun,) studied this question.