Smartphone-assisted low-cost paper-based colorimetric and fluorescent dual response sensor for visual evaluation of food freshness

Key Points

• The aim is to develop a low-cost, smartphone-assisted sensor for detecting food spoilage through biogenic amine levels.
• Developed a paper-based tag (BOH@tag) for visual assessment.
• Utilized colorimetric and fluorescent responses to indicate food freshness.
• Employed a smartphone application for on-site monitoring.
• Achieved real-time freshness assessment through colorimetric changes and fluorescence signals.
• Demonstrated high sensitivity for detecting biogenic amines, indicating spoilage.
• Validated the effectiveness of the sensor in various food types.