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This research examines the statistical substructure of ISP blazar variability and identifies a distinct high-variability group.

April 28, 2026Open Access

Statistical Substructure of ISP Blazar Variability: Evidence for a Distinct High-Variability Population in 4LAC-DR3 (v6.1: With Figures)

Key Points

This research examines the statistical substructure of ISP blazar variability and identifies a distinct high-variability group.
Analyzed 515 ISP blazars using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) decomposition.
Generated light curves and conducted spectral comparisons for various sources.
Examined variability metrics and statistical significance across sources.
Identified a unique high-variability population among ISP blazars.
Demonstrated distinctive properties through light curve analysis and spectral comparison.
Showed significant KS test results for variability characteristics.

Abstract

Version 6. 1: Adds three publication-quality figures. Fig. 1: GMM decomposition of 515 ISP blazars + VI vs FracVar scatter (C3 highlighted). Fig. 2: 3C 66A Swift XRT light curve, HR time series, and spectral comparison. Fig. 3: Three-source comparison (Fvar, spectral softening, KS significance). Full paper PDF with all figures integrated. DOI v6. 0: 10. 5281/zenodo. 19788559

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Cite This Study

Yoshimitsu Katayama (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69f04eb8727298f751e72a50 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19776342

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