, supporting the active participation of lattice oxygen release and oxygen uncoupling during gas-phase reforming. These results suggest that the staged coupling strategy enhances sludge gasification and syngas upgrading through the combined effects of oxygen-carrier redox activity and improved gas-solid contact. Although the present work demonstrates the feasibility of using red mud-derived POCs for wet sewage sludge gasification, further studies are still needed on quantitative oxygen-decoupling analysis, direct tar/impurity measurement, long-term cyclic stability, and scale-up hydrodynamics.
Wang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.