Drp1-mediated fission and activating the cGAS-STING pathway. Furthermore, MNP induce a pseudohypoxic state that stabilizes HIF-1a, driving a glycolytic "Warburg-like" shift that promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. These intracellular perturbations are further amplified by "lipid corona" formation and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which depletes anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids. Collectively, this systemic immunometabolic remodeling provides a mechanistic framework for understanding MNP-related risks for cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review emphasizes the necessity of integrating immunometabolic parameters into future environmental health risk assessment frameworks.
Dai et al. (Tue,) studied this question.