Toward the industry 5.0 paradigm: Increasing value creation through the robust integration of humans and machines

This study proposes a flexible architecture under the LAsim Smart FActor Plus reference framework, fostering the integration of different related data sources—processes, products and the human dimension (operators or other agents)—to increase business value creation. The proposed architecture promotes distributed component perspectives at different levels using different types of digital assets. Integrated reusable services to build composed business applications are found to help increase business understanding and transparency. The robustness attribute is related to the concept of persistence and seeks to reduce the degree of intervention required and thus enable integration. Use cases are presented to demonstrate the advantages provided by the proposed architecture.