Nonlinear analysis of dual-phase lag bio-heat model in living tissues induced by laser irradiation

This paper provides a method for determining a numerical solution of the thermal damage of living tissues using a nonlinear dual phase lag model. Due to the nonlinearity of the basic equations, the finite element approach is adopted to solve such problems. The numerical outcomes obtained by the finite element technique are also compared with the existing experimental study to verify the accuracy of the numerical calculations. Based on the formulation of Arrhenius, the thermal damages to the tissues are estimated by the denatured protein range. Numerical results for temperatures are presented graphically. Also, the comparisons between the numerical outcomes and the existing experimental data show that the present mathematical models are effective tools to evaluate the bioheat transfer in a spherical living tissue.