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The success rate of the pharmaceutical research and development (R (2) low signal-to-noise ratio, notwithstanding the lack of validated biomarkers as entry and/or end-point criteria; (3) recruitment and retention, particularly in the asymptomatic and early disease stages. A number of current and future strategies aimed at ameliorating drug development are outlined and discussed.
Gauthier et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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