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The concept of energy services is used in different contexts and scientific fields mainly to emphasize that it is the services provided by energy rather than energy carriers that people demand and that generate well-being. While the value of the concept is widely acknowledged, there are remarkable differences in how energy services are conceptualized. This article proposes the 'Energy Service Cascade' (ESC) as a conceptual framework aimed at clarifying and bridging different approaches. The ESC is inspired by Haines-Young's and Potschin's (2011) 'Ecosystem Service Cascade', which distinguishes: a) structures, b) functions, c) services, d) benefits and e) values. When used to systematize the debates around energy services, we argue that these differentiations reflect a) energy conversion chains comprising natural structures, human-made capital and labor; b) physical functions performed by energy chains; c) services humans demand to foster wellbeing; d) the actual contributions to human well-being (health, life satisfaction, ); e) individual preferences and attitudes that create willingness to pay, encourage business models, etc. 'Values' influence how services and benefits are perceived and affect 'structures' through various mechanisms (investment decisions, environmental and economic policy, ).
Kalt et al. (Fri,) studied this question.