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May 14, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The CM Metric: From Clausius-Mossotti to Schwarzschild

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MSMandeep Singh

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore the validity of the CM metric in reproducing Schwarzschild geometry and its implications for astrophysical observations.
  • Derived a static, spherically symmetric spacetime metric from the Clausius-Mossotti relation.
  • Matched CM ISCO frequency to observed QPOs in four X-ray binaries.
  • Updated key parameters and methodologies according to primary sources and new measurements.
  • CM ISCO frequency matches observed QPOs with a range of 3-37%, compared to 17-232% for the Kerr model.
  • The CM metric demonstrates near spin independence within ±2%, contrasting with Kerr's 5× variation with spin.
  • Predictions for black hole shadows show a 10% increase, testable by next-generation Event Horizon Telescope.

Abstract

V3 UPDATE (12 May 2026): Coordinate labels corrected (photon sphere and ISCO directions in circumferential coordinates). New sections: §4. 6 QPO Correspondence (CM ISCO frequency 1819/M Hz matches observed QPOs within 3-37% for four X-ray binaries with dynamically measured masses, vs 17-232% for Kerr) ; §4. 7 Spin Analysis (CM ISCO nearly spin-independent at ±2% due to gₜt × gᵣr = 1, compared to Kerr which varies 5× with spin). Field equation now available (Singh 2026k). QPO data corrected to primary sources (Strohmayer 2001, Motta 2014). SgrA* distance updated to 8. 277 kpc (GRAVITY 2021). All coordinate-independent predictions unchanged. Original abstract: A static, spherically symmetric spacetime metric derived from the Clausius-Mossotti relation (1879). The CM metric ds² = W^ (1/3) c²dt² - W^ (-1/3) (dr²+r²dΩ²), with W= (1-β²) / (1+2β²) and β²=2GM/ (rc²), reproduces Schwarzschild at 1PN (γ=β=1), passes all 6 classical GR tests, and predicts 10% larger black hole shadows (testable by ngEHT). Zero free parameters.

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Cite This Study

Mandeep Singh (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a05685ca550a87e60a20e21https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134529
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Gravitational Surface Redshift from the CM Metric: An EOS-Independent Test, Coordinate Corrections, and Interior Field Equation2026
  2. 2Strong-Field Klein-Gordon Equation in the CM Metric: Spatial Flatness, Effective Mass, and Eigenvalue Predictions2026
  3. 3Cosmological Perturbation Theory from the Clausius-Mossotti Framework: Growth Equation, Observational Tests, and a Falsifiable Prediction2026
  4. 4Automatic Relativistic Corrections from the Clausius-Mossotti W^(-1/3) Potential: Tested Against Measured Data for Z = 1 to 922026 · 2 citations
  5. 5Self-Consistent Quantization, the Three-Dimensional Kepler Law, and Standing-Wave Quark Positions from the Clausius-Mossotti Metric2026