What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to analyze the role of TNF-α in the prognosis of breast cancer and its implications for therapy.

May 15, 2026Open Access

The Importance of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in the Prognosis of Breast Canser

Key Points

This study aims to analyze the role of TNF-α in the prognosis of breast cancer and its implications for therapy.
Integrated molecular, clinical, and translational analysis of TNF-α in breast cancer prognosis.
Evaluation of TNF-α levels and their correlation with tumor progression and survival rates.
Assessment of TNF-α's effect on oncogenic pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt.
Elevated TNF-α levels are significantly linked to increased tumor progression and metastasis.
Higher TNF-α levels correspond to reduced survival rates in breast cancer patients.
TNF-α activates critical oncogenic pathways while potentially inducing apoptosis in tumor cells under certain conditions.

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional cytokine with a dual role in cancer biology, exhibiting both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of TNF-α in breast cancer prognosis, integrating molecular, clinical, and translational perspectives. Elevated TNF-α levels are strongly associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and reduced survival rates. Mechanistically, TNF-α activates key oncogenic pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt. However, under controlled conditions, TNF-α may induce apoptosis in tumor cells. The findings highlight TNF-α as a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in precision oncology

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