In recent years, the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has been utilised to facilitate connections between vehicles and everything (V2X) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). The speed of data transfer is impacted by the frequent handoffs between road side units (RSUs). To address such issues, this work develops the puzzle spotted Henna optimisation algorithm (PSHOA) for effectual handover. The satellite, RSU, and software-defined networking (SDN) controllers are presented in the SDN control layer. During the handover procedure, the control layer selects the appropriate candidate RSU using the PSHOA. The vehicle connects to the web server and transmits the data across the pathways when it receives the handover order. The end-to-end delay, handover quality of RSU selection, and throughput metrics are used to assess the performance of the system, in which the ideal values of 0.701 s, 0.922, and 95.08 Mbps are obtained.
Sapkale et al. (Thu,) studied this question.