Gout in Primary Care: Clinical Overview and Case Study

Abstract Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by elevated serum uric acid levels, leading to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals within joints and surrounding tissues. These crystal deposits trigger acute flares characterized by significant pain, swelling, and erythema. Hyperuricemia is the primary risk factor, but both genetic predisposition and environmental influences contribute to disease development. Management includes lifestyle modification in addition to pharmacologic therapy. Acute flares are typically treated with NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids, whereas long-term management focuses on urate-lowering therapy, most commonly with allopurinol or febuxostat. In refractory or severe cases, biologic agents or uricosuric therapies may be considered.