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The universal asymptotic scaling laws proposed by Amari et al. are studied in large scale simulations using a CM5. Small stochastic multilayer feedforward networks trained with backpropagation are investigated. In the range of a large number of training patterns t, the asymptotic generalization error scales as 1/t as predicted. For a medium range t a faster 1/t2 scaling is observed. This effect is explained by using higher order corrections of the likelihood expansion. It is shown for small t that the scaling law changes drastically, when the network undergoes a transition from strong overfitting to effective learning.
Müller et al. (Mon,) studied this question.