Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue distribution and their endocrine regulation are closely related to the metabolic profile and development of the metabolic syndrome.
This review discusses the assessment, metabolic profile, and endocrine regulation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in relation to metabolic syndrome.
Methods for assessment, e.g., anthropometric indicators and imaging techniques, of several phenotypes of human obesity, with special reference to abdominal fat content, have been evaluated. The correlation of fat distribution with age, gender, total body fat, energy balance, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and lipolytic activity, adipose tissue receptors, and genetic characteristics are discussed. Several secreted or expressed factors in the adipocyte are evaluated in the context of fat tissue localization. The body fat distribution and the metabolic profile in nonobese and obese individuals is discussed relative to lipolysis, antilypolysis and lipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Finally, the endocrine regulation of abdominal visceral fat in comparison with the adipose tissue localized in other areas is presented.
B L Wajchenberg (Fri,) conducted a review in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue distribution and their endocrine regulation are closely related to the metabolic profile and development of the metabolic syndrome.
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