Variability in the Implementation of Best Practices for Sexual Assault Case Handling Across US Law Enforcement and Prosecutorial Agencies

This brief report examines variability in the implementation of best practices for handling sexual assault cases across US law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies. Despite national guidelines promoting trauma-informed interviewing, timely forensic evidence collection, and collaborative interagency work, adoption varies widely. Surveys from 362 agencies and interviews with 25 representatives indicate that larger, metropolitan agencies are more likely to establish specialized units and incorporate victim advocates early in the process. In contrast, smaller and rural agencies report significant barriers, such as limited resources, lack of specialized training, and inconsistent collaboration. This variability underscores a critical need for more standardized guidelines to ensure uniform, survivor-centered approaches across jurisdictions. Addressing these disparities could improve outcomes for sexual assault survivors by promoting equity in care provision across diverse community settings. Additionally, addressing survivors' sexual health needs, including the identification, prophylaxis, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, is critical to comprehensive care.