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Current efforts establishing semantic metadata standards for the built environment span academia 3, industry 1 and standards bodies 2, 28. For these standards to be effective, they must be clearly defined and easily extensible, encourage consistency in their usage, and integrate cleanly with existing industrial standards, such as BACnet. There is a natural tension between informal tag-based systems that rely upon idiom and convention for meaning, and formal ontologies amenable to automated tooling.
Fierro et al. (Tue,) studied this question.