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January 1, 1994Journal of Advanced Nursing952 citations

The Delphi technique: a methodological discussion

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PWPatricia L. WilliamsCWChristine Webb

Key Points

  • To evaluate methodological limitations in the Delphi technique—specifically arbitrary consensus definitions—within radiography and nursing education research and propose standards for improvement.
  • Examined the design and application of the Delphi technique used to assess supervisory radiographer activities supporting undergraduate clinical education.
  • Analyzed literature on Delphi implementations to identify weaknesses in consensus criteria, validity, and reliability definitions.
  • Identified that consensus determinations in prior healthcare Delphi studies frequently rely on arbitrary or post hoc rationales rather than objective, predefined criteria.
  • Established methodological recommendations to predetermine consensus thresholds and enhance validity and reliability in future educational studies.

Abstract

As in nursing, recent curriculum reform in radiographer education has resulted in the development of undergraduate programmes, and a study referred to in this paper investigated the activities of supervising radiographers in support of the undergraduate curriculum. Following on from 'ward learning environments' research in nursing, the most important activities which assist radiography students' clinical learning were investigated by means of the Delphi technique. At the design stage, a deficiency in previous work using the technique was identified, in that decisions relating to consensus among research respondents appeared to be based on arbitrary or post hoc rationales rather than predetermined or objective criteria. As the Delphi technique is being increasingly employed in nursing and similar research, it is important to explore issues of consensus, validity and reliability. The paper makes recommendations for improving these aspects in future studies.

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Cite This Study

Williams et al. (1994) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a10c4265e6663f9d2646137https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01066.x
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