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We extend fluctuation theorems to a molecular refrigeration system that consists of Brownian particles in a heat bath under feedback control of their velocities. Such control can actively remove heat from the bath due to an entropy-pumping mechanism Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120602 (2004). The presence of entropy pumping in an underdamped Brownian system modifies both the Jarzynski equality and the fluctuation theorems. We discover that the entropy pumping has a dual role of work and heat.
Kim et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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