Indian Knowledge Systems as a holistic Framework for Economics, Management, Public administration and Governance

Abstract Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) offer a holistic and value-oriented i.e. ethically grounded framework that integrates economics, management, public administration, and governance. Rooted in foundational concepts such as Dharma (moral order), Artha (material prosperity), and Lokasangraha (collective welfare) rather than profit maximization. IKS has posed challenges before todays the fragmented and value-neutral orientation of modern disciplinary approaches. Classical texts drawn from the Arthashastra, Bhagavad Gita, Dharmashastras, and Smritis articulate and explore sophisticated principles related to Indian economic thinking and regulation, ethical leadership with values, administrative accountability, state with welfare- oriented governance and ecological balance. This paper examines how IKS conceptualizes economic activity as socially embedded, management as self- disciplined leadership, and public administration as a moral trust aimed at public welfare. Using qualitative textual analysis and comparative interpretation, the study identifies significant convergence between IKS principles and contemporary theories of welfare economics, ethical management, and good governance. The findings suggest that Indian Knowledge Systems anticipated modern concerns such as sustainability, inclusiveness, and accountability while embedding them within a strong normative framework. The paper argues that re-engaging with IKS can enrich contemporary policy-making, management education, and public administration, particularly in addressing ethical and governance challenges in developing economies.