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Many studies (e. g. , Lee Lee McCulloch, 1990) have found no relation whatsoever between patterns of intergenerational exchange and psychological well-being of older persons. Collectively, therefore, previous research offers little basis for generalization. is undoubtedly due in large part to usual differences in sampling and measurement across relevant studies. However, it is also possible that critical variables have been omitted from these studies, resulting in misspecification of models. One potentially relevant variable is concept of filial responsibility expectations, or extent to which adult children are believed to be obligated to assist aging parents (see Seelbach, 1977, 1984). Elderly parents--indeed, persons of all ages--vary substantially in extent to which they believe that adult children should support and assist their parents, or, conversely, that elderly parents are entitled to assistance from their children. Few studies have considered effects of aid exchanged between generations in context of older parents' expectations for assistance. However, at least three studies (Kerckhoff, 1966; Quinn, 1983; Seelbach Sauer, 1977) have found negative relations between parents' expectations and parents' psychological well-being. None of these studies attempted an empirical explanation of this relationship, though all speculated about its possible cause. Quinn (1983), for example, commented, This may be explained to some extent by potential conflicts and disappointments which may occur if older parents' expectations of their offspring are not met. . . (p. 66). However, he included no measures of intergenerational exchange in his model, so his hypothetical explanation could not be tested. Lee, Netzer, and Coward (1994) examined relation between older parents' filial responsibility expectations and patterns of intergenerational assistance. …
Lee et al. (Tue,) studied this question.