Current smoking was associated with higher odds of inflammation, including hsCRP >2 mg/L (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.5-2.1), and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with never smoking.
Cross-Sectional (n=6,814)
Does smoking status, cumulative pack-years, and time since cessation affect inflammation, vascular dynamics, and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults without prior cardiovascular disease?
Current smoking is strongly associated with increased inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis, while smoking cessation is associated with lower inflammation and atherosclerosis over time.
Effect estimate: OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.5-2.1)
OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the impact of smoking status, cumulative pack-years, and time since cessation (the latter in former smokers only) on 3 important domains of cardiovascular disease: inflammation, vascular dynamics and function, and subclinical atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort enrolled 6814 adults without prior cardiovascular disease. Smoking variables were determined by self-report and confirmed with urinary cotinine. We examined cross-sectional associations between smoking parameters and (1) inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein hsCRP, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen); (2) vascular dynamics and function (brachial flow-mediated dilation and carotid distensibility by ultrasound, as well as aortic distensibility by MRI); and (3) subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification, carotid intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index). We identified 3218 never smokers, 2607 former smokers, and 971 current smokers. Mean age was 62 years and 47% were male. There was no consistent association between smoking and vascular distensibility or flow-mediated dilation outcomes. However, compared with never smokers, the adjusted association between current smoking and measures of either inflammation or subclinical atherosclerosis was consistently stronger than for former smoking (eg, odds ratio for hsCRP>2 mg/L of 1.7 95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.1 versus 1.2 1.1-1.4, odds ratio for coronary artery calcification>0 of 1.8 1.5-2.1 versus 1.4 1.2-1.6, respectively). Similar associations were seen for interleukin-6, fibrinogen, carotid intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index. A monotonic association was also found between higher pack-year quartiles and increasing inflammatory markers. Furthermore, current smokers with hsCRP>2 mg/L were more likely to have increased carotid intima-media thickness, abnormal ankle-brachial index, and coronary artery calcification>75th percentile for age, sex, and race (relative to smokers with hsCRP2 mg/L of 0.91 0.88-0.95 and odds ratio for coronary artery calcification>0 of 0.94 0.90-0.97 for every 5-year cessation interval). CONCLUSIONS: These findings expand our understanding of the harmful effects of smoking and help explain the cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation.
McEvoy et al. (金曜日)は、心血管疾患の前 historyがない人々（n=6,814）を対象に横断的研究を実施しました。現在の喫煙と決して喫煙しない者を、hsCRP > 2 mg/L（OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.1）で評価しました。現在の喫煙は、hsCRP >2 mg/L（OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.5-2.1）を含む炎症の高いオッズと、決して喫煙しないことに比べて潜在的動脈硬化症と関連していました。