Antibodies against the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier crossreact with cell surface calcium channels on cardiac myocytes, leading to enhanced calcium permeability and complement-independent cytotoxicity.
Our study shows that antibodies, specific to the ADP/ATP carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane, crossreact with the cell surface of cardiac myocytes, where the calcium channel seems to be the antigenic determinant. The antibodies enhanced the calcium current and suppressed its inactivation. Affinity-purified antibodies (IgG) exhibit an acute cytotoxic effect, which required extracellular calcium and was prevented by calcium channel blockers. Our findings suggest that antibody-mediated cytotoxicity results secondary to calcium overload caused by enhanced cellular calcium permeability, requiring no complement-dependent process.
Schultheiß et al. (1988) studied this question.