Impact of Pesticides Application on Aquatic Ecosystem and Biodiversity: A Review

Aquatic animals are very precious to humans because they provide food sources. In order to satisfy the growing demand for food over the past few decades, there has been a significant rise in the widespread application of pesticides. Surface runoff transports pesticide residues into the aquatic environment, where they pose a threat to the plants and animals that live there. The rise in the human population is accompanied by an accompanying rise in the toxicity of pesticides. The toxicity of pesticides causes damage to the aquatic food chain by decreasing the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water bodies and contaminating the water. The contaminated water causes harm to the algal component, plankton, and benthos, which in turn causes harm to the water quality and fish diversity. Additionally, the polluted water reduces the abundance of aquatic species. This assessment places particular emphasis on the influence that pesticides have on the quality of water and the biodiversity of aquatic environments. All aquatic organisms, and fish species in particular, are extremely vulnerable to the toxicity of pesticides. Organs such as the liver, kidneys, and gills, as well as the nervous system, are the primary targets of the toxic effects that pesticides have on fish. Because humans use fish species for food, exposure to pesticides can cause a variety of health problems. The primary objective of this study is to draw conclusions regarding the effect that the application of pesticides had on the aquatic ecosystem as well as biodiversity.