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introduces magnetic functionality, useful for microactuators, sensors, and graded materials. Optical properties can likewise be tailored, with MOx/polymer nanocomposites enabling photodetectors, optoelectronic components, and functional thin films. In the biomedical field, biofunctional performanceranging from antimicrobial activity to tissue compatibilityhas been exploited in dentistry, tissue scaffolds, and micromachines for drug delivery. Despite these advances, challenges such as nanoparticle aggregation, viscosity increase, light scattering, and altered reaction kinetics still limit the achievable filler loadings and overall performance of vat-printed nanocomposites. This review therefore emphasizes both the potential and the limitations of incorporating MOx nanoparticles into vat photopolymerization, outlining the current state of knowledge and key challenges that must be addressed to enable application-oriented functional materials.
Korčušková et al. (Mon,) studied this question.