ABSTRACT This article juxtaposes the church struggle against Nazism in Germany with the theological struggle against Christian Nationalism in the US. The Christ‐centered theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and of the Barmen Declaration grounded theological resistance in Germany. In the US, there have been many calls for confessing church; five theological movements are documented. The author compares the two historical contexts and analyzes the challenges facing contemporary efforts at confessing church through theological resistance
Craig L. Nessan (Tue,) studied this question.