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Previous research on framing focuses either on frames in the news or framing effects. This multi-method study investigated first of all how a key European Union summit was framed in the national news of three European countries. Secondly, it looked at the effects of the news media coverage on support for the EU and for the enlargement of the EU. A content analysis of 717 newspaper and television news stories in Great Britain, Germany, and The Netherlands showed that the summit was primarily framed in terms of political-institutional consequences and that the overall valence of the news was disadvantageous towards the EU and EU enlargement. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the valence of television news. A sample of 207 participants was randomly assigned to news framing the consequences of the summit as either 'advantageous' or as 'disadvantageous'. Participants exposed to disadvantageously framed news showed lower levels of general EU support and specific support for the EU enlargement and considered more negative than positive aspects'of the enlargement than participants exposed to advantageously framed news
Vreese et al. (Sat,) studied this question.