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Nanorods of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)—a ferro- and piezoelectric material—up to 10 μm in length and 70 to 150 nm in diameter are produced by sol-gel electrophoresis of PZT in a track-etched polycarbonate membrane, which is used as a template. The Figure gives a close-up view of a PZT film with nanowires attached, as obtained after pyrolytic removal of the organic template.
Limmer et al. (Wed,) studied this question.