Abstract This article proposes a HoloGenesis proton-neutron shell model based on geometric charge formation. It does not model the proton or neutron as containers of smaller material particles, nor does it rely on hidden constituent bodies inside the baryon. Instead, it treats proton and neutron identity as two different shell-closure geometries of wrapped coherence within the subitron lattice. This approach continues the HoloGenesis treatment of particles as wrapped coherence structures and of particle identity as shell architecture rather than constituent material aggregation. 7, 38, 56, 70 The foundational HoloGenesis claim is that charge is not an intrinsic label attached to matter. Charge is the integrated normal polarization of a shell horizon. A particle appears charged because its shell geometry expresses a net polarization through the lattice. This interpretation is continuous with the HoloGenesis reconstructions of elementary charge, shell-horizon polarization closure, and the electron electromagnetic closure chain. 42, 64, 66 The sign of charge is determined by phasor-tip orientation. A meridional canal-lock gives positive polarization. An equatorial canal-lock gives negative polarization. A diagonal glide gives neutrality. Under this reading, the proton is modeled as a unified shell whose phasor-tip geometry is meridionally locked. Its net polarization is outward, producing positive charge. The neutron is modeled as a unified shell whose phasor-tip geometry is diagonally balanced. Its outward and inward polarization tendencies cancel externally, producing net neutrality while preserving internal bound currents. This interpretation extends the HoloGenesis treatment of charge, spin, weak decay, divalence, and beta decay as consequences of phase geometry and closure rather than hidden material fragmentation. 3, 5, 6, 35, 48, 49, 61 The central claim is that the proton is a committed meridional shell closure, the neutron is a diagonally balanced shell closure, and the electron is the corresponding committed equatorial shell closure. In this model, the proton is positive because its shell is meridionally locked, the electron is negative because its shell is equatorially locked, and the neutron is neutral because its shell is diagonally balanced. In the corrected impedance-normalized formulation, the elementary charge is not introduced merely as a label. It arises through the subitron charge-normalization route, where the charge scale is determined by the relation between subitron impedance, quantum action, and fine-structure shell compression. This route follows from the corrected reconstruction of subitron impedance and the impedance form of the fine-structure relation. 55, 67, 68, 69 If the subitron lattice impedance equals the observed electromagnetic impedance, the subitron charge-normalization unit becomes the elementary charge. The proton then expresses the positive form of that unit, the electron expresses the negative form of that unit, and the neutron expresses no net external charge because its shell geometry is diagonally balanced. In all cases, charge is geometric polarization expressed through a shared electromagnetic lattice response. The electromagnetic substrate does not change from particle to particle. Electron, proton, and neutron do not require different vacuum constants. They differ by shell topology and phasor-tip orientation, not by the electromagnetic substrate. This is the impedance-preservation principle: charge topology varies, while lattice response remains invariant.
Grégoire Mommaerts (Sun,) studied this question.