We propose a unified physical framework in which the quantum vacuum is described as a Superfluid Energy Field (SEF), modeled by a complex scalar field Φ. In this approach, matter, gravitation, time, and quantum entanglement emerge as collective, topological, and hydrodynamic phenomena of the same underlying medium. The SEF framework provides a physical ontology for the vacuum, replacing the geometric interpretation of gravitation with pressure gradients and phase dynamics of the field. Particle masses arise from topological defects, quantum nonlocality from global phase coherence, and time from the internal cadence of the field’s phase evolution, while spacetime properties follow from the equation of state of the medium. This model offers an alternative to General Relativity and ΛCDM cosmology, elimi- nates the need for dark matter, and predicts distinctive observational signatures, including anisotropic gravitational refraction, environment-dependent light propagation, vacuum bire- fringence, and high-energy radiative excesses associated with field relaxation processes.
Nathalie Puccio (2026) studied this question.