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June 26, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Eating Disorders and Nutritional Habits in Athletes: Risk Factors and Intervention Approaches

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ÖTÖzbay Tuğba

Key Points

  • This review aims to explore nutritional and psychological risk factors influencing eating disorders among athletes, highlighting the need for effective interventions.
  • Comprehensive review of literature on eating disorders and disordered eating in athletic populations.
  • Assessment of performance pressure, body composition expectations, and sport-specific factors.
  • Recommendations for early diagnosis and multidisciplinary prevention strategies.
  • Identified anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder as significant concerns among athletes.
  • Noted that performance pressure and low energy intake frequently contribute to the risk of eating disorders.
  • Emphasized the importance of a supportive sport environment, education, and healthy eating promotion for prevention.

Abstract

Abstract This review comprehensively examines nutritional habits, psychological factors, and sport-specific risk factors involved in the development of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among athletes. Performance pressure is an important risk factor in athletic populations. Expectations regarding body composition may also influence eating behaviors. This risk is particularly evident in aesthetic, endurance, and weight-category sports. In these disciplines, weight control practices and low energy intake are commonly observed. This condition may lead to health problems associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). RED-S may negatively affect endocrine, metabolic, skeletal, cardiovascular, and psychological functions. The reviewed findings indicate that anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and subclinical disordered eating behaviors constitute important concerns among athletes. In addition, perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and low self-esteem may increase the risk. Coaching practices, team culture, and social media influence may also contribute to this process. For early diagnosis, screening tools should be supported by clinical assessment, nutritional evaluation, psychological examination, physical examination, and laboratory findings. In conclusion, the prevention of eating disorders among athletes requires a multidisciplinary approach. Education, the promotion of healthy eating behaviors, and supportive sport environments are essential components of this process. Keywords: Eating disorders, sports nutrition, disordered eating, relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Öz Bu derleme, sporcularda yeme bozuklukları ve düzensiz yeme davranışlarının gelişiminde etkili olan beslenme alışkanlıkları, psikolojik etmenler ve spora özgü risk faktörlerini kapsamlı biçimde incelemektedir. Sporcularda performans baskısı önemli bir risk unsurudur. Beden kompozisyonuna yönelik beklentiler de yeme davranışlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Özellikle estetik, dayanıklılık ve sıklet temelli sporlarda bu risk daha belirgindir. Bu spor dallarında kilo kontrolü ve düşük enerji alımı sık görülmektedir. Bu durum, Sporda Göreceli Enerji Yetersizliği (RED-S) ile ilişkili sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. RED-S; endokrin, metabolik, iskelet, kardiyovasküler ve psikolojik işlevleri olumsuz etkileyebilir. İncelenen bulgular, sporcularda anoreksiya nervoza, bulimiya nervoza, tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu ve subklinik düzensiz yeme davranışlarının önemli bir sorun olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca mükemmeliyetçilik, beden memnuniyetsizliği, anksiyete ve düşük benlik saygısı riski artırabilmektedir. Antrenör tutumları, takım kültürü ve sosyal medya etkisi de bu süreci destekleyebilir. Erken tanı için tarama araçlarının klinik değerlendirme, beslenme analizi, psikolojik inceleme, fizik muayene ve laboratuvar bulgularıyla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Sonuç olarak, sporcularda yeme bozukluklarının önlenmesi multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. Eğitim, sağlıklı beslenme davranışları ve destekleyici spor ortamları bu süreçte temel unsurlardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: yeme bozuklukları, sporcu beslenmesi, düzensiz yeme davranışları, sporda göreceli enerji yetersizliği (RED-S).

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Cite This Study

Özbay Tuğba (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3e1966030ad1a9b3092236https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20829683
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Eating disorders among athletes: causes, symptoms, and health consequences2025 · 1 citations
  2. 2600 EP104 – Identifying psychological triggers to prevent the incidence of red-s syndrome in athletes2024
  3. 3Eating Disorders in Sport: A Narrative Review of Studies on Eating Disorders among Athletes2025
  4. 4A107: Multidimensional Influencing Factors and Psychosocial Mechanisms of Eating Disorders in Female Athletes2026
  5. 5Eating disorders in athletes2024