Modern physical theories usually assume that space, objects, and observers are primitive constituents of reality. Observation is then regarded as an interaction among pre-existing entities embedded in an already defined background. In contrast, the present work proposes a different ontological viewpoint. Neither objects, observers, nor space are taken as primitive. Instead, the fundamental ingredient is the recursive self-consistency between branching structures defined on different interpretative layers. We consider two abstract layers: a lower relational layer describing local interaction patterns and a meta-layer representing a virtual organization induced by those interactions. These layers are not causally ordered. The lower layer generates the meta-layer, while the meta-layer simultaneously constrains the interpretation of the lower layer. Reality is therefore described as a mutually recursive system rather than a hierarchy with a privileged foundation. Within this framework, observation is no longer regarded as a primitive operation performed by independent observers. Instead, observation is defined as the recursive action that minimizes the discrepancy between branching structures across hierarchical layers. Recognition is identified with structural deviation between these layers, while identity emerges as the stable fixed point of recursive branch consistency. This viewpoint also leads to a reinterpretation of emptiness. Absolute emptiness is not treated as the absence of objects, since such a state cannot define its own interpretative layer. Instead, we introduce the concept of the Empty Effect, defined as the coincidence between the branching regularity of the lower layer and that of its recursively generated virtual meta-layer. In this state no additional structural distinction is produced, despite the possible existence of relational structures. The purpose of this paper is therefore not to introduce another graph-theoretic model, but to propose an axiomatic framework in which virtual layers, observation, identity, and space emerge simultaneously from recursive branch consistency.
Jeong Min Yeon (Sun,) studied this question.