Global livestock production faces mounting pressures from climate variability, heat stress, emerging diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and sustainability demands, necessitating transformative nutritional strategies. Next-generation approaches highlight postbiotics, functional amino acids, microbial proteins, nanotechnology-enabled delivery, and nutrition-driven epigenetic regulation. Postbiotics, including short-chain fatty acids and peptides, enhance gut integrity, immunity, and feed efficiency while reducing antibiotic reliance. Functional amino acids modulate the NRF2–KEAP1 pathway, facilitating hepatic proteome remodeling and stress resilience. Sustainable alternatives, such as microbial proteins and nanocarriers, improve nutrient bioavailability with lower environmental costs. Nutritional epigenetics offers a paradigm shift, as one-carbon metabolites (methionine, choline, folate, vitamin B12) influence DNA methylation, histone dynamics, and microRNA regulation, shaping growth, reproduction, and thermotolerance. Future innovations include epigenome-guided diets, parental nutritional programming, digital twin models, and synthetic biology-driven bioactives. Collectively, these advances redefine nutrition as a driver of resilience and sustainability, requiring interdisciplinary integration, rigorous validation, and equitable translation into practice.
Sabuj Kanti Nath (Fri,) studied this question.
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