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The authors present a method and the mathematical formulation for large-scale optimal power flow sensitivity analysis. The method has been implemented in a computer program (OPSENS) presently in use in the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The results of using the OPSENS program for calculating the sensitivity of system losses for a 34 bus and a 1700 bus transmission network to bus load changes are reported and compared to the results of multiple OPF (optimal power flow) studies. The effectiveness of OPSENS in this application was demonstrated.>
Gribik et al. (Mon,) studied this question.