Percutaneous Catheter Ablation Procedures for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

In light of the significant morbidity and mortality from atrial fibrillation (AF), there has been significant interest in the development of percutaneous catheter ablation procedures for the suppression of AF. Given the success of the surgical Maze procedure, initial catheter-based approaches involved creation of linear atrial lesions. Success rates were low and utility was limited by a high complication rate and long procedural times. The recent discovery that AF is often initiated by atrial ectopic beats has resulted in therapies designed to target the ectopic sources, particularly those within the pulmonary veins. Experience and technological advances have improved the efficacy and safety of such procedures. This article will review catheter ablation procedures for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with AF.