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In studies of several hundred sera, a passive-hemagglutination technique with soluble antigen of sonically treated gonococci as the sensitizing material for tanned erythrocytes and Neisseria sicca sonically treated material as an absorbent detected gonococcal antibodies in 77% of males and 88% of females infected with uncomplicated gonorrhea. However, 6% of the sera from individuals in celibate religious orders and 18% of the sera from a group of females having cervical cultures negative for gonococci were also reactive with this procedure. Erythrocytes sensitized with an alkaline extract of gonococci reacted with 23% of the sera from infected males, 49% of the sera from infected females, and 2% of the sera from celibate females.
Logan et al. (1970) studied this question.