Analyzing Geographic Disparities and Temporal Trends in Diabetes-Related Mortality Risks in Iran

Abstract Background There has been a notable rise in diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) in Iran. There is evidence of geographical disparities in diabetes prevalence although little is known about disparities of DRMR in Iran. Understanding these disparities is important for guiding control programs and allocating health resources to societies most at need. Methods The data for DRMR that occurred from 2017 to 2019 obtained from the Iran Department of Health. Tenth International Classification of Disease codes E10–E14 were used to identify DRMR. The statistical individules were 602 females and 518 males, 945 females and 734 males, and 2,052 females and 1,747 males for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. County-level DRMR were computed and presented as number of deaths per 100,000 persons. We used Arc/GIS 10.6 and statical teststs consist of Kernel Density, Moran's I, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), Mean Center, and Standard Distance. Results Evidence demonstrates notable geographic variations in the prevalence of DRMR across Iran, with the highest risk areas predominantly situated in the western and eastern regions of the country. Significant spatial clusters of DRMR have been identified, highlighting localized hotspots of increased incidence. Furthermore, our study revealed that the incidence of DRMR is notably higher among females compared to males, suggesting potential gender-specific vulnerabilities that warrant further investigation. Conclusions Iran exhibits geographic disparities in diabetes-related mortality risks, with notable high-risk clusters and higher prevalence among females. Variations in coexisting conditions may influence these patterns, emphasizing the need to address gender differences. Understanding these disparities can guide resource allocation and inform future predictive research to reduce health inequities.