August 15, 2025

Real-time analysis of cyber attacks in SCADA based power system

Key Points

Cyber attacks can compromise the reliability of SCADA systems, leading to economic losses and power outages.
Denial-of-Service and ARP poisoning were found to significantly affect the Modbus TCP protocol, compromising data integrity.
Simulation using MATLAB/Simulink assessed real-time attack impacts on the WSCC-9 bus power system, validating the methodology over OPAL-RT.
Enhancement of SCADA security through firewall techniques is crucial, suggesting further evaluation of system vulnerabilities and prevention strategies.

Abstract

Real time monitoring plays a crucial role in reliable operation of the modern Power System. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system widely employed for remote control and monitoring of the power grid. However, SCADA system is vulnerable to cyber threats that can compromise grid reliability. The SCADA system relies on the Modbus TCP (Transmission control protocol) which is susceptible to cyber-attacks, leading to economic damage and blackouts. This article explores cyber threats such as ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) poisoning and Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on the WSCC (Western System Coordinating Council)-9 bus power system, examining their effects on Modbus TCP protocol. It explores firewall-based prevention techniques to enhance SCADA system. security The study utilises MATLAB/Simulink software to simulate and investigate various cyber-attacks on WSCC-9 bus system. IEDs collect the real time bus data and transfers over Ethernet to the QModMaster acting as server. A Raspberry pi 4b processor mimics as attcker system(Kali-Linux) by using Ettercap-graphical tool to enter between the communication of server and IED which alter or block the real-time data. Wireshark is used at server location to detect potential cyber threats. The proposed methodology sucessfully validated over OPAL-RT (OP4510) which reflects its robustness in real-time.

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