World Experience in Stimulating Entrepreneurial Activity in the Sme Sector: Main Trend for Use in Russia

Actuality of the research is caused by the gap of Russia form G20 in the parameter of ratio of small and medium business (SMB) companies in GDP (in Russia 21 %, in G7 countries and China more than 40 %). In spite of various list of measures of maintaining SMB companies in Russia, their effectiveness raises justified doubts among specialists. For instance, ratio of micro firms among SMB companies in Russia reaches 99 %, it indicates problems with their scaling till small and medium size. Solving this problem requires determining the basic world tendencies of maintaining entrepreneurial activities in the SMB sector for implementation in Russia. In this purposes the analysis of sources of literature on this issue is conducted. Also the comparison of measures of SMB maintenance in Russia and developed countries is performed. Method of synthesis is used in research for systematization of trends among measures of maintaining SMB companies in developed countries. The result of analysis of successful experience of developed and developing countries in implementing diversified mechanisms of motivation and support of development of SMB companies is systematization of 31 measure — trend, we consolidated them into the four following groups: consistency and coordination; differentiation and focusing; correct regulation; emphasis on networks and clusters. Consistency and coordination includes coordination by the unified authorized body of activities of all institutes of support of SMB companies; consistency of diversified measures of support of SMB companies with each other; systematic approach to the policy of maintaining expansion (scaling) of SMB companies. Differentiation and focusing are aimed at maintaining establishing new SMB companies, as well as in depressive regions, and/or expansion (scaling) of SMB companies and/or developing separate niches of business (start-ups, inventors, etc.). Correct regulation includes the conditions of maintaining new scientific research of SMB companies, royalty and fine fees, giving loans and governmental guarantees, tax deduction and other preferences for SMB companies, which conduct scientific research. Emphasis on networks and clusters implies support of cooperation of SMB companies as among themselves, as with big business; establishing diversified networks of support of SMB companies, as well as implementing cluster financial instruments.